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Revision 1826

Added Butterworth filtering code.

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trunk/code/projects/libdragonfly/rangefinder.c
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 **/
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/*
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  Authors: James Kong and Greg Tress
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  Authors: James Kong, Greg Tress, Emily Hart
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  Last Modified: 4/30/06 by James
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  Last Modified: 5/12/10 by Emily
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  - Added Butterworth filtering functions. As of right now, the filter should
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    only be used if you really know what you are doing. These functions were
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    designed to be used with a task scheduler, which is not currently complete.
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    This implementation uses the RTC and runs massive computations in the RTC
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    interrupt.
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  Modified: 4/30/06 by James
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  -Started log_distance conversion function !!!NOT COMPLETE!!!
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  -Cleaning up comments
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......
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  Using Sharp GP2D02 IR Rangefinder
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  Vin is the input to the rangefinder, designated RANGE_CTRL.
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  Vout is the output from the rangefinder, designated RANGE_IN# where # is the rangefinder you are reading from
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  Vout is the output from the rangefinder, designated RANGE_IN# where # is the
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  rangefinder you are reading from
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  Expected Initial Conditions:
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  Vin is high and Vout should read high.
......
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*/
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#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
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#include <avr/interrupt.h>
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#include "rangefinder.h"
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#include "analog.h"
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#include "dio.h"
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#include "time.h"
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/*
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  read_distance returns the 8-bit reading from the rangefinder
......
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	81,80,79,78
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};
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/* 1 if the filter is enabled, else 0 */
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static int use_filter;
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// VALUE - MIN_IR_LINEAR is stored so only 8 bits are needed
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/* X values for the Butterworth filter, for each rangefinder */
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static uint8_t butter_x[5][4];
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/* Y values for the Butterworth filter, for each rangefinder */
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static uint8_t butter_y[5][3];
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/* How many consecutive -1s have been seen by each rangefinder */
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static uint8_t neg_one_count[5];
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/**
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 * @defgroup rangefinder Rangefinder
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 * @brief Functions for using the IR rangefinders
......
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/**
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 * Initializes the rangefinders. This must be called before
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 * range_read_distance.
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 * range_read_distance. This function does not initialize the filter.
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 *
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 * @see range_read_distance
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 **/
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void range_init(void)
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{
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  digital_output(_PIN_B4,0);
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  use_filter = 0;
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}
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/**
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 * Initializes the rangefinders with an option to enable the Butterworth
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 * filtering.
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 *
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 * As of 5/12/2010, the filter should only be used if you really know what you
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 * are doing. It was designed to be used with a task scheduler, which is not
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 * currently complete. This implementation uses the RTC and runs massive
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 * computations in the RTC interrupt.
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 *
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 * @param filter 1 to enable the filter, 0 to leave it turned off
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 **/
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void range_init_filter(int filter)
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{
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    range_init();
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    if(filter){
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        use_filter = 1;
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        butter_init();
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    }
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}
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/**
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 * Reads the distance measured by one of the rangefinders.
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 * This distance is in arbitrary units.
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 *
......
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  }
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}
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/**
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 * Initializes the butterworth filter.
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 **/
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void butter_init(void)
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{
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    int i;
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    // init -1 count to 3 for each rangefinder
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    // this will cause them to restart the filter
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    for(i=0; i<5; i++)
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    {
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        neg_one_count[i] = 3;
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    }
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    // set up the rtc to run butter_task periodically
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    rtc_init(SIXTEENTH_SECOND, butter_task);
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}
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/*
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 * Reads each rangefinder and sends its value through the Butterworth filter.
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 * This task should be run frequently so that range_read_filtered_distance
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 * returns fresh values
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 */
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void butter_task(void)
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{
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    butter_filter(IR1, range_read_distance(IR1));
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    butter_filter(IR2, range_read_distance(IR2));
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    butter_filter(IR3, range_read_distance(IR3));
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    butter_filter(IR4, range_read_distance(IR4));
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    butter_filter(IR5, range_read_distance(IR5));
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}
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/*
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 * Butterworth helper function that takes a rangefinder ID and turns it into
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 * an array index between 0 and 4.
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 */
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int get_range_index(int range_id){
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    switch(range_id){
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    case IR1:
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        return 0;
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    case IR2:
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        return 1;
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    case IR3:
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        return 2;
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    case IR4:
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        return 3;
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    case IR5:
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        return 4;
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    default: // should never happen
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        return 0xff;
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    }
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}
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/**
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 * Puts the given value from the given rangefinder through the Butterworth
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 * filter. This function should be called every time a new value is read from a
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 * rangefinder.
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 *
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 * The Butterworth filter has a cutoff frequency of 5Hz and an order of 3
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 *
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 * @param range_id the rangefinder to use. This should be one of the constants
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 * IR1 - IR5.
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 * @param the value read from that rangefinder
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 **/
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void butter_filter(int range_id, int val)
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{
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    int range_index = get_range_index(range_id);
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    // we have a non-error value
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    if(val > -1 && val <= MAX_IR_LINEAR)
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    {
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      // we just passed two or fewer -1's: act as though none seen
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      if(neg_one_count[range_index] < 3)
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      {
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        // shift the values of the arrays to the left
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        int i;
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        for(i=0; i<2; i++)
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        {
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          butter_x[range_index][i] = butter_x[range_index][i+1];
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          butter_y[range_index][i] = butter_y[range_index][i+1];
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        }
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        butter_x[range_index][2] = butter_x[range_index][3];
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        // add the new value to the X array
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        butter_x[range_index][3] = val - MIN_IR_LINEAR;
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      }
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      // we just passed three or more -1 values: reset filter with new value
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      else
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      {
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        int i;
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        // fill x and y values with the new value
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        for(i=0; i<3; i++)
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        {
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          butter_x[range_index][i] = val - MIN_IR_LINEAR;
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          butter_y[range_index][i] = val - MIN_IR_LINEAR;
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        }
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        butter_x[range_index][3] = val - MIN_IR_LINEAR;
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      }
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      // reset the -1 count value
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      neg_one_count[range_index] = 0;
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      /*
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       * butterworth filter the last values
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       *
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       * butterworth filter equation is
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       * y(t) = x(t-3)/6 + x(t-2)/2 + x(t-1)/2 + x(t)/6 - y(t-2)/3
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       *
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       * values are multiplied by 16 before divisions, and divided by 16 at the
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       * very end to mitigate rounding errors
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       *
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       * 8 is added before dividing by 16 so that numbers are rounded instead of
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       * truncated
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       */
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      int16_t temp1 = (int16_t)butter_x[range_index][3] +
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          (int16_t)butter_x[range_index][0] + (2*MIN_IR_LINEAR);
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      int16_t temp2 = (int16_t)butter_x[range_index][2] +
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          (int16_t)butter_x[range_index][1] + (2*MIN_IR_LINEAR);
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      int16_t temp3 = (int16_t)butter_y[range_index][0] + MIN_IR_LINEAR;
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      int16_t filtered_big = ((((temp1*8)-(temp3*16))/3)+(temp2*8)+8)/16;
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      filtered_big -= MIN_IR_LINEAR;
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      uint8_t filtered = filtered_big > 0xff ? 0xff : (uint8_t)filtered_big;
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      butter_y[range_index][2] = filtered;
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    }
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    // -1 seen - don't want to store it
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    else
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    {
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        // increment -1 count, preventing overflow
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        neg_one_count[range_index] = neg_one_count[range_index] == 0xff ? 0xff :
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            neg_one_count[range_index]+1;
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    }
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}
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/**
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 * Returns the most recent filtered reading of the rangefinder. The raw
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 * rangefinder values have been run through a Butterworth filter.
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 *
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 * If the filter was not initialized in rangefinder_init, will return the
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 * unfiltered value from the rangefinder.
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 *
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 * @param range_id the rangefinder to use. This should be one of the constants
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 * IR1 - IR5.
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 **/
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int range_read_filtered_distance(int range_id){
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    if(!use_filter){
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        return range_read_distance(range_id);
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    }
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    int range_index = get_range_index(range_id);
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    // haven't seen too many -1s recently - return filtered value
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    if(neg_one_count[range_index] < 3)
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    {
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        return butter_y[range_index][2] + MIN_IR_LINEAR;
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    }
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    // have seen several -1s - return -1
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    return -1;
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}
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/** @} **/ //end defgroup
trunk/code/projects/libdragonfly/rangefinder.h
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#define MIN_IR_ADC8 27
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/** @brief largest meaningful rangefinder reading (logarithmic scale) **/
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#define MAX_IR_ADC8 98
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/** @brief smallest meaningful rangefinder reading (linear scale) **/
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#define MIN_IR_LINEAR 78
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/** @brief largest meaningful rangefinder reading (linear scale) **/
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#define MAX_IR_LINEAR 327
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/** @brief Initialize the rangefinders **/
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void range_init(void);
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/** @brief Initialize the rangefinders with option to use filtering **/
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void range_init_filter(int filter);
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/** @brief Read the distance from a rangefinder **/
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int range_read_distance(int range_id);
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/** @brief Convert logarithmic-scale distance readings to a linear scale **/
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int linearize_distance(int value);
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/** @brief Task that reads rangefinders and sends the values to the filter **/
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void butter_task(void);
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/** @brief Initialize the butterworth filter **/
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void butter_init(void);
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/** @brief Puts a raw rangefinder value through the Butterworth filter **/
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void butter_filter(int range_id, int16_t val);
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/** @brief Returns the most recent filtered reading of the rangefinder **/
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int range_read_filtered_distance(int range_id);
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/** @} **/ //end addtogroup
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